What a summer!

The month of July has flown by.  We have been battling fungus. But, what can you expect when we have such ideal fungal conditions -- rain late in the afternoon, clouds all day and warm temperatures. Fungus thrives under these conditions and unchecked, can move quickly through the garden.

 The tomato blight showed up earlier than usual, but with careful pruning, and weekly spraying of serenade, (an organic spray equivalent to a probiotic for plants) it has slowed down quite a lot. We should have no problem holding onto the plants till fall, which is good because they are loaded with fruit and I would like to keep them long enough to harvest all of it. Blight is a yearly battle in Virginia. It splashes up onto the plants from the soil below.  Then, if you leave the infected leaves on the plant it will splash its way up every time it rains, slowly killing the plant as it progresses. There is no “cure” for blight, once it has appeared for the season; all you can do is try to slow it down. Neem oil and a copper fungicide spray can be used as a preventative measure in the war on blight, though once the plants start flowering it is best to stop, because the sprays may interfere with our friendly pollinators.  If you have had blight in your garden over the summer it is important that you do not till or mulch that space before the winter. Remove all plant material and burn it. (do not add it to your compost pile) The freezing temperatures can kill the sclerosia the  blight leaves behind but only if it is exposed.   Do not plant tomatoes or related plants in the same space for a minimum of 2 years.

           

Okra blossom

    Luckily we seem to have broken out of this pattern, and we did so with a bang.  The temperature soared up into the high 90s and stayed there for a little over a week.  The heat did cause some blossom drop in the eggplant, but I was happy to trade a few flowers for the drying power of the sun. I think it helped us out quite a bit, and for the most part the fungal issues (besides the blight which slowly lumbers onward and upward) seem to have cleared up. After the heat wave, we have been experiencing a fall preview.  Cool evenings and daytime temperatures in the low 80s make me feel as if it is summer in Vermont instead of summer in Virginia. I am not complaining, it has been lovely weather to work in, and the plants seem to be happy with it so far.

fingerling potatoes

               We have gotten a lot of work done in the last month.  All of the spring plantings have been harvested, and the beds have been re-composted and turned over for fall.  We have kept up with the weeds, a monumental and daily task. We harvested all of the onions, shallots and garlic.  We put them up on racks in the greenhouse and they seem to be drying quite well despite the humidity which is slowing their progress.

 Most of the cippolini onions have already made their way to the kitchen and we may finish them before they have a chance to finish drying. The garlic crop was impressive this year with huge, healthy bulbs, and we have already pickled quite a few jars. I just hope they all dry before it is time for the shelling beans to come in. The brussel sprouts and the first two planting of cauliflower are in the ground, as well as the first planting of turnips. Fall is right around the corner.

               This week we are planting the last of the cauliflower and romanesco for the fall, and putting in the second planting of rutabaga and turnips.  We have seeded a few more fall veggies in the greenhouse; scallions, kale, chard, fennel, pac choi, watermelon radish, and fall lettuces. Other than that weeding and bug wars seem to be the predominant tasks. On the harvest list we have beets, carrots, onions, shallots, potatoes, french beans, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, squash, okra, cardoons, melons, cucumbers, raspberries, lots of edible flowers and herbs.

Blue and Amerigo picking beans

               Here’s hoping it warms up some, and we finish out the summer with some more seasonable weather. Happy gardening.

Where did May and June go?

A sleepy Blue hanging out
at the Greenhouse

The month of May seems so long ago. However looking back on my records, that was the last time I wrote. This summer has been a slow whirlwind. Between record late frosts, hot days out of nowhere and rain storms that won’t stop, I admit I lost track of time.

May finished with a bang. We had a late pocket frost on the 24^th.  I ran around putting covers over all of the tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, etc. that I had just planted the week previous. This basically meant the entire garden had to be covered.  Fortunately all of the vegetables came through. Unfortunately, the cherries had a lot of fruit and flower drop.  We lost almost all of the fruit for this season; a real disappointment after the bumper crop we had last year. Welcome to farming; one year can be so different from the year before. After the 24^th we had some nice, cool spring weather. It was perfect weather for the peas, fava beans and potatoes. Not so great for the sun loving crops, but they took their time and grew slowly. We had a great crop of peas, and the fava beans are plumping now.

June has been all over the map. A few hot days that soared into the 90’s, but mostly a lot of rain.  In the beginning I was happy for all of the new crops to have such an easy transition into life outdoors, but it became a bit much. We couldn't get things out on time because you can’t turn over wet soil. (Working with wet soil can destroy soil structure. This is especially true with clay soils like we have here.) In the end the weeds took over a little, and we had a few signs of early fungal development. The only plants showing long term effects are the potatoes.  Specifically the towers of potatoes, the wet soil caused some early blight on one variety, though the rest seem to be pulling through relatively well. The weeds have been mostly taken care of, and we put down about 40 bales of straw to mulch in the garden for the summer.

Early tomatoes

So far the tomatoes are doing really well. We have a lot of fruit development, and luckily no signs of early blight.  

The cucumber house has grown into a jungle. We had a few problems with aphids, so I did a ladybug release of about 5000 and they have cleared up the pests.

The vines are well over 12 feet long and we harvest more than 200 cucumbers per week. We have made a ton of pickles that we will be able to eat all year. The peppers are mostly doing well. One variety has succumb to phytopthera; a fungus that grows during periods of heavy rain and humidity.  We lost a few plants, but I started spraying Serenade (an all-natural fungicide) and hopefully the rest of that variety will pull through.  The shishito peppers have already started to produce fruit, and will make their way onto the menu very soon. Our seeding is all back on track and once things begin to come in we shouldn’t have any gaps.

Cucumber house right after planting

Amerigo working on the cukes 3 weeks after planting

Just a couple of weeks ago...

Today the vines are 12 feet high and still growing

This year we have had some amazing additions to farm staff.  We have Caitlin, who moved here from California with her husband. He is our new cellar master, and she is doing great work in the garden. We have also had a lot of volunteers this year. Quite a few of the cooks from the kitchen have been coming for a few hours in the morning before work. Amerigo has been our star volunteer showing up a minimum of four days per week!! It has been an amazing help.  I had all of the volunteers to my house for dinner and bocce to show our appreciation for all their help.

Amerigo

Kaitlin

Me!

This week we are staking the peppers, eggplant and flowers.  We are also putting down another application of fertilizer for all the long standing crops. We started seeding for fall a few weeks ago, and we continue to do so. This week we start the 3^rd generation of cauliflower, which we should harvest by the end of October.

On the harvest list this week we have: fennel, shelling peas, snow peas, beets, cucumbers, shishito peppers, carrots, cippolini onions, new potatoes, green tomatoes, lettuce, herbs and micro greens.

May 10 - Spring and Cicadas

Well it has been a hectic month since I last wrote.  We battled the onion grass that takes over the garden each spring (though it wasn’t as bad as last year, so I must be making some headway), composted and re-dug all the beds, and planted quite a few spring crops. So far in the ground we have peas, fava beans, fennel, beets, onions and shallots, celeriac, pac choi, radishes, salad turnips, lettuce and spinach. 

Spring planting in the Garden of Eatin'

The hoop house is planted with cucumbers and melons, and the first generation of cucumbers is already producing.  With all the cool wet weather we have been having, all the spring crops are pretty happy. A big difference from last year when it was already pretty steadily in the 90’s by now.

Full view of the cucumbers in the hoop house.

The summer crops are all waiting patiently to get into the ground, except for the first generation of peppers and tomatoes, which we had to re pot.  My plan was to get them out this week but then came the monsoon. In the end it was a good thing, as they are now predicting a possible frost for Monday night.  Now the plan has shifted to begin planting on Tuesday.  So next week will be big for planting, with not only peppers, eggplant, and tomatoes going out, but zucchini, cardoons and okra as well.  All of the herbs should make it in next week too.  We have added a few new herbs to the list -- I found nutmeg flavored thyme, and a ginger flavored mint, that I can’t wait to try. It will be a busy week, but well worth it when everything is in the ground and happy.

Hopefully the frost doesn’t happen, but just in case I will cover some of the more tender vegetables. The strawberries for example are all in flower, and we are pretty loaded with small green fruits, which I would hate to lose.

 I wanted to take a moment and talk about the 17 year cicadas that are emerging this year.  A lot of folks have been asking whether or not they will affect the garden.  The answer is no, though they may be so loud we can’t talk to one another. The only things they may affect are young trees and shrubs as small diameter branches are where the female likes to lay her eggs. If you are worried about some new plantings you can net your trees and shrubs to prevent the female from laying her eggs.

I saw my first nymph emerging the other day.  They come out of the ground when the soil temperature is in the 60’s, climb the nearest tree and then shed their exoskeletons. The males start their loud signature song to attract the females. The females make no song though they will gesture with their bodies and wings, and make small sounds with their wings during courtship. After this they mate, the female lays her eggs in a groove she has cut in a small branch.  The adults will all start to die off in mid-June. The egg later hatches, feeds on the fluid the tree is excreting because of the groove.  That larval stage then falls and burrows down into the ground feeding on roots. After a determined period of time (between 2 and 17 years depending on the species) the nymphs emerge and start the cycle again. What exactly is going on with them during this time underground is still a mystery to scientists.  Somehow they count the seasons, maybe through the roots of the tree, changes in nutrient levels, temperature etc. so that they all emerge together. It is thought they orchestrate these mass emergences to combat predators.  The thought being if there are so many of them, even if the birds gorge themselves, many will still get through. 

Birds are not the only ones to delight on this mass appearance; many people are already posting their favorite recipes.  You can eat them at the nymph stage, and many believe that they are a crunchy, tasty low fat protein.  They will not be making an appearance on our menu.

This year Brood II of the Magicicada periodical cicada is set to emerge.  This is a large brood, but apparently nowhere near the largest.  The reason this particular brood gets so much hype is its size, but also the fact that it is one of the few large broods that affects the New York metropolitan area. There are over 170 species of cicada in North America, and 2000 worldwide. Some have been reported to reach 120 decibels with their song. So, though they will not affect the vegetable garden for the most part, we need to prepare ourselves for the cacophony of sound for the next few months.

April 

So spring has finally sprung, finished and we are sliding into summer. At least for this week. Welcome to Northern Virginia. Just 2 weeks ago we had snow, and I was worried that peas were going to out too late. I dream of rain showers and days in the 60’s. Mornings when I still need my jacket, but can feel the warmth of the sun on my back. My spring crops share my dream. This is the difficulty with climate change. Our seasons will become more erratic, highs will go really high and lows really low.  If farming wasn't already a gamble, it surely will become one in the next few decades. I spent today running around and irrigating my poor peas. They finally started to come up yesterday, and they have had to face an 85 degree sun. I tried to plant my onions as well.  I got two beds finished before it got too hot. Luckily we will be moving into more seasonable weather in the next week, so if I can nurture everyone through is heat we should come out well.

In the last few weeks I have planted lettuce, Pac choi, radishes and Japanese turnips undercover. Outside, I seeded shelling and snow peas, fava beans, spinach and all of the potatoes. The potato towers went in well, and I can’t wait to see how they turn out. I’m prepping the beds as needed; I applied about two inches of compost to each bed, and tilled it under. The only plants up so far are the peas.

In the greenhouse I have a lot of veggies. Parsley, celeriac, peppers, eggplant, cucumbers, fennel, beets, etc. the first generation of tomatoes went in two weeks ago, with the next going in this week. I like to do at least two plantings of tomatoes, about three weeks apart.  This spreads out the peak, so that we don’t get overloaded.  Also this week I am ordering my irrigation and supplies for the season.  I started planting onions today, and I’m prepping beds for fennel, beets and carrots. I took the winter straw off of the strawberries, though they will have to be covered if we get frost. 

More soon...

March 25th

Well, projects have been moving along relatively smoothly.  

The raised beds are just about finished. I dug them out, put in the boards, and laid down landscape fabric to try to keep the weeds at bay.  After that I added a few inches of gravel to keep the roots from matting on the fabric. Last of all I added the topsoil mix in.  I still have to put in the irrigation and then they will be ready to go.  I have a variety of cucumber that will produce fruit as low as 50 degrees (typically cukes want it around 70) so those will go in mid-April, with the rest going in a few weeks later.

The potato towers have also come a long way.  I have built 20 of them to go down into the main garden. Inside I will plant red thumb, rose fin apple and Swedish peanut potatoes. These are all different types of fingerlings. Fingerlings work best for the towers because they produce tubers over a longer period of time as opposed to an early season variety like Yukon which only produces fruit once. Now that the boxes are done I have to work out the irrigation.

Other than that I’m doing a lot of greenhouse work. Eggplants and peppers went in this week.  We are doing several interesting varieties of each. For eggplant we have one called chu chu - an Indian baby eggplant that is said to produce copious amounts of bite size teardrop shaped fruits. We are also putting in a long Japanese type. These are nice because the skin is thin and therefore more edible and the flesh is non-bitter. For peppers we have the aji dulce, a sweet habanero, coming back.  These were used to make an amazing peach jam last year. You get the smoky flavor without any of the heat.  Shishito peppers are also coming back.  We have another small light green pepper to go with them called oriental wonder.  And last but not least, a cubanelle pepper also renowned for its smoky flavor.

I’ve included some pictures of the construction of both the raised beds and the towers, if anyone is interested in doing something similar.  Coming up in the next few weeks, we have the first of the spring planting.  I’ll keep you posted.

Beginning the raised beds

Getting ready for planting

Back to work

Vacation was amazing, though as always, way too short. I spent some great time with my family and friends in the cold north. One night was minus 18 degrees, way too cold for my thin Virginia blood.

After a few weeks in New England, I flew to Hong Kong for three days and then on to Thailand for two weeks. My time in Hong Kong was mostly spent visiting old haunts from my childhood, and eating. The food there is amazing, an eclectic mix from all over Asia.

I spent a few days in Bangkok, and then took off for the south of Thailand.

I spent my time island hopping, snorkeling and sea kayaking in the Similan Islands. The Similans are a string of islands all belonging to one national park in the Andaman Sea.

Now it is time to get back to work. The seeds are all starting to come in and I’m ready to get going in the greenhouse.  I look forward to this season, and we are adding some new and exciting crops, such as tiny bite sized eggplant, a cherry tomato that tastes like fruit, and gigante Italian beans. I’ll keep you all posted on spring activities.

The first plants are scheduled to go into the ground in just a couple of weeks.  Happy gardening! Spring is right around the corner.

Good bye until 2013

So the season is finally finishing up. Most of the vegetables have been harvested, though there are still a few things out there. The last few weeks have been spent cleaning the garden and removing plant material, doing inventory for seeds and supplies and organizing everything so that it is ready to go for spring.

The garden shed prepared for winter

I have also spent quite a bit of time in the office. I finalized the harvest list for the season and there were a few interesting numbers for the year.  

For example: 

• A total of 6000 pounds of produce were harvested this season
• Over 1200 boxes of micro greens were grown and taken to the kitchen for garnishes
• I pulled in 800 pounds of tomatoes and over 400 quarts of cherry tomatoes
• More than 200 quarts of baby shishito peppers were grown an devoured

Romanesco

Overall, it was a very successful season. We are currently holding our “end of the season” meetings to decide what to grow next year. The seed catalogs have started coming in and I love to flip through them in the evenings.  There are a few “new to me” vegetables that I would like to try including (but certainly not limited to) cubanelle peppers, blush cherry tomatoes, rose fin apple potatoes, and cardoons. I have to admit that shopping for seeds and fantasizing about the coming season is one of my favorite things to do.

Last radishes of the year

The last of the harvest will come in this week. On the list we have carrots, beets, romanesco, radishes, turnips, rutabaga, lettuce, spinach, pac choi, kale, collards, mustard greens, kohlrabi and radicchio.

In my free time I have been planning my upcoming vacation. I leave in a few days to visit family for the holidays.  I’m headed to the arctic north for 2 weeks in Maine and Vermont, and then I’m travelling to the tropics for a little over 2 weeks. The plan is to spend a few days in Hong Kong on an extended layover. My major plans while I am there are to eat -- I love the food there as well as the culture.  After that I am headed to the Similan Islands. They are located off the west coast of the lower peninsula of Thailand and I can’t wait. The islands are part of a national park where there are lemurs, jungles and some of the best diving and snorkeling in the world.  I’ll make sure to take lots of pictures and post them when I get back. 

Have a great winter.

A nest of baby praying mantis that will help keep the green house healthy.